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Over the past 20 years (2000 – 2019), the average difference between the bottom-up EPS estimate at the beginning of the year (December 31) and the final EPS number for that same year has been 7.0%. In other words, industry analysts on average have overestimated the final EPS number by 7.0% one year in advance. Analysts overestimated the final value (i.e. the final value finished below the estimate) in 13 of the 20 years and underestimated the final value (i.e. the final value finished above the estimate) in the other seven years.
If one applies the average overestimation of 7.0% to the current 2021 EPS estimate (assuming the estimate changes little between now and December 31), the final value for 2021 would be $157.32. If one applies the average overestimation of 1.9% (excluding the years 2001, 2008, and 2009) to the current 2021 EPS estimate, the final value for 2021 would be $165.92. Based on these estimates, EPS of $157.32 would not reflect a new record-high EPS number for the S&P 500 (it would be below the EPS reported in both CY 2018 and CY 2019) while EPS of $165.92 would reflect a new record-high EPS number for the S&P 500.